The Mongols  

The Mongols

The Mongols, a nomadic tribe in Central Asia led by Genghis Khan and his successors managed to create one of the greatest empires the world has ever seen, forming the course of human history.

No comments | 100 - 1480

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The Mongols

17 events | No comments | 100 - 1480

100

Mongols in world history

From the first explosion of Mongol military might from the steppes of central Asia in the early decades of the 13th century to the death of Timur in 1405, the nomads of central Asia made a last, stunning return to center stage in world history...

100

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300

Early history of the Mongols

Indo-European and then Turkic-speaking nomads had dominated the steppes and posed the principal threat to Asian and European sedentary civilizations in the early millennia of recorded history...

300 - 1180

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1000

Way of life

Mongol legends suggest that the ancient ancestors of the Mongols were forest-dwelling hunters, and hunt persisted as a central element in Mongol culture. By the time the Mongols are first mentioned in the accounts of the sedentary peoples, who traded...

1000

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1162

Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan (also spelled as Chinggis Khan), who as a youth was named Temujin, was born in the 1170s into one of the splinter clans that fought for survival in the decades after the death of Kabul Khan...

1162 - August 1227

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1206

The conquests of Genghis Khan

When he was proclaimed the khaghan in 1206, Temujin was probably not yet 40 years old. At that point, he was the supreme ruler of nearly one and a half million Mongol tribesmen and the overlord of one to two million more nomadic tribesmen who had been...

1206 - August 1227

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1210

Mongol warfare

The men of the Mongol tribes that had elevated Genghis Khan to leadership were in many ways natural warriors. Trained from youth not only to ride but also to hunt and fight, they were physically tough, mobile, and accustomed to killing and death...

1210

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1219

Invasion into the Muslim world

Having established a foothold in north China and solidified his empire in the steppes, Genghis Khan sent his armies westward against the Kara-Khitai Empire established by a Mongolian-speaking people a century earlier...

1219 - 1227

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1220

Drive to the West

While in pursuit of the Khwarazm ruler, Muhammad Shah II,the Mongols had made their first contacts with the rich kingdoms to the west ofthe steppe heartlands of Genghis Khan's empire. Raids of reconnaissance into Georgiaand across the Russian steppe...

1220

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Mongols in the Middle East

After the Mongol conquest of the Khwarazm Empire, it was only a matter of time before they struck westward against the far wealthier Muslim empires of Mesopotamia and North Africa. The conquest of these areas became the main project of Hulegu, another...

1220 - 1260

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1224

Invasion of Russia

In a very real sense the Mongol assault on Russia was a side campaign, a chance to fine-tune the war machine and win a little booty while en route to the real prize, western Europe. In the first half of the 13th century when the Mongol warriors first...

1224 - 1240

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1227-08

Death of Genghis Khan and the division of the Empire

When the Mongols had moved west to attack Kara Khitai in 1219, support was demanded from the vassal king of Xi-Xia. The Tangut ruler had impudently responded that if the Mongols were not strong enough to win wars on their own, they were best advised to...

August 1227

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1230

Life under the Mongol yoke

Despite their fury as warriors and the horrible destruction they could unleash on those who resisted their demands for submission and tribute, the Mongols proved remarkably astute and tolerant rulers...

1230

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Mongols in Chinese history

Soon after Ogedei was elected as the great khan, the Mongol advance into China was resumed. Having conquered Xi-Xia, the Mongol commanders now turned to the Qin Empire to the east, which had proven the most resistant of all the kingdoms assaulted under...

1230 - 1368

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1240

Mongol rule in Russia

The crushing victories of Batu's armies initiated nearly two and one-half centuries of Mongol dominance in Russia (called татаро-монгольское иго in Russian, literally „the Mongol-Tartar Yoke“)...

1240 - 1480

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Mongols in Europe

Until news of the Mongol campaigns in Russia reached European peoples such as the Germans and Hungarians farther west, Christian leaders had been quite pleased by the rise of a new military power in central Asia...

1240 - 11. December 1241

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1260

Mongol impact on Europe and the Islamic World

Though much of what the Mongols wrought on their westward march was destructive, some benefits were reaped from their forays into Europe and conquests in Muslim areas. By example, they taught new ways of making war and impressed on their Turkic and...

1260

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1368

Legacy of the Mongols

As we have seen, the Mongol impact on the many areas where they raided and conquered varied considerably. The sedentary peoples on the farms and in the cities, who experienced the fury of their assaults and the burden of their tribute exactions,...

- 1368

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