Indus valley civilization  

Indus valley civilization

India is one of the many cradles of civilization, yet it's first great states in Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro are quite a mystery even today.

No comments | 4000BC - 1700BC

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Indus valley civilization

8 events | No comments | 4000BC - 1700BC

4000BC

Natural environment

Great torrents of water from the world's highest mountain range, the Himalayas, carved out the vast Indus River system that was to nurture the first civilization in the Indian subcontinent. As the rapidly running mountain streams reached the plains of...

4000BC

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3500BC

Early settlers of the Indus valley

Long before the first settlements associated with the Harappan complex appeared, the plains were dotted with the settlements of sedentary agriculturists. By at least 3000 BC, these pre-Harappan peoples cultivated wheat and barley, and had developed...

3500BC

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2900BC

Emergence of civilization

The evidence found so far indicates that the Indus valley civilization (also called Harappan civilization) developed quite rapidly in the middle centuries of the 3d millennium BC. There are sharp divergences from the village cultures that preceded it...

2900BC

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2600BC

The great cities

Though hundreds of miles apart, Harappa and Mohenjo-daro were remarkably similar in layout and construction. Both were built on a square grid pattern that was divided by main thoroughfares into 12 smaller and precisely measured grids...

2600BC

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2400BC

Economy

The great cities and many towns of the Harappan complex were supported by a rather advanced agricultural system based on the cultivation of wheat, rye, peas, and possibly rice. Cotton was widely cultivated and numerous domesticated animals were reared...

2400BC

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2300BC

Culture and society

Harappan society was dominated by a powerful priestly class that ruled from the citadel of each of the capitals. Though there may have been specialized warriors, the priests appear to have been the main coordinators of fortress construction and...

2300BC

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1800BC

Decline of the civilization

It was once widely accepted that Harappan civilization was the victim of assaults by nomadic invaders (Indo-Europeans, or more precisely, Indo-Aryans, successors of modern Hindi-speaking peoples) eager to claim the rich Indus valley as pasturelands for...

1800BC

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1700BC

Indus valley civilization compared to other civilizations

Like China, Sumer, Egypt, and other early civilizations in the Middle East, the Harappan cities and towns also arose in the vicinity of great river systems. Civilization first developed in the Indus River valley in present-day Pakistan in the middle of...

1700BC

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