History of Mexico

From 1519, Native Americans of Mexico were absorbed into Spain's colonial empire. In 1810 Mexico declared its independence and in the midst of many conflicts established itself as a modern nation.

2 comments | 1518 - 2000

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Kristjan (Histrodamus editor)

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Created:
2013-02-04 14:39:04 by Kristjan (Histrodamus editor)

Last modified 2013-02-04 16:59:29

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myHistro ekspordi arendamist toetavad EAS ja Euroopa Regionaalarengu Fond. Projekti kestvus 01.09.11 - 31.08.12.

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History of Mexico

1518

Mexico of the Aztecs

The Aztecs were a tribe, according to their own legends, from Aztlan somewhere in the north of modern Mexico. From this place, which they left in about the 12th century CE, there derives the name Aztecs by which they are known to the Western civilization.

1518

1519

Cortes arrives to Mexico

Cortes reached the coast of Mexico, in March 1519, with eleven ships. They carried some 600 men, 16 horses and about 20 guns of various sizes. The Spanish party was soon confronted by a large number of Native Americans in a battle where the effect of...

1519

1521

Conquest of the Aztec empire

For a week Cortes and his companions enjoyed the hospitality of the emperor. They sat in his hall of audience and attempted to convert him to Christianity. They clattered round his city on their horses, in full armour, to see the sights and they were...

1521

1531

Religious conversion of Mexico

Spanish settlement was first achieved on the semi-feudal basis of allotting encomiendas to conquistadors. At the same time friars arrived in large numbers to fulfil one of the main purposes of an otherwise brutal campaign of conquest...

1531

1535

New Spain

From early in the colonial period Mexico was a cornerstone of the Spanish empire. Royal officials were sent out in 1523 to rule what Cortes had conquered, and the area was given in 1535 the status of a viceroyalty under the title New Spain...

1535 - 1810

1610

Expansion to the north

The desert regions to the north of Mexico were of little appeal to Spanish settlers in the 16th century, though the familiar rumours of cities paved with gold prompt treasure-seeking expeditions into New Mexico and parts of Texas in 1540 and again in...

1610

1810

Cry of Dolores

In the early 19th century, when the movement for independence was sweeping through Latin America, the region of New Spain was in many ways unlike other provinces. The social fabric of this long-standing Spanish viceroyalty was deeply conservative in...

1810

1821

Mexican independence

In 1820 a coup in Spain against the reactionary king Ferdinand VII forced him to bring in a liberal government. It was this development, profoundly unwelcome to Catholic and conservative circles in Mexico, which resulted in the sudden break with Spain...

1821

1833

The era of Santa Anna

The early decades of the Mexican republic (proclaimed in 1823, when Iturbide abdicated) fell into a pattern characteristic of much of Latin America at the period. Political allegiances divided into two broad camps, associated with the liberals...

1833 - 1855

1835

Texas

From the 16th century Texas, though much neglected, had been a northern region of Spanish Mexico, or New Spain. It was formally recognized as such in the border agreement of 1819, when any United States claims to the territory were relinquished...

1835

1846

Mexican-American War

The Americans in Texas claimed that the southern boundary of their province was the Rio Grande. The Mexicans maintained that it was the Nueces river, more than 100 miles to the north. War broke out in 1846 when President James K...

1846

1853

Reform and civil war

In the aftermath of the humiliating capitulation to the United States, Mexico's politicians argued that drastic reforms were needed to save the republic. In this mood both liberals and conservatives gradually moved to more extreme positions...

1853

1862

French intervention

In January 1862 an army of 8500 French and Spanish troops and 700 British marines occupied the city of Veracruz. But within two months this European alliance fell apart, when it became evident that the allies had different intentions...

1862

1864

Emperor Maximilian

Maximilian set about ruling as a liberal monarch. He retained the reforms brought in by Juárez and refused to restore church lands. He took steps to improve the lot of Native American labourers on the great landed estates...

1864 - 1865

1876

The Porfiriato

Benito Juárez was re-elected president in 1867 and again in 1871. On this latter occasion the Liberal party split three ways. Juárez was opposed by Sebastián Lerdo and Porfirio Díaz, two of his leading colleagues from the years of resistance...

1876 - 1910

1910

Revolution

The Mexican revolution, beginning in 1910, evolved as a long and complex sequence of violent events lasting ten years. By May 1911 it has acquired sufficient impetus for the ageing dictator Díaz to be compelled to resign...

1910

1920

Reforms of Obregón and Calles

During the years of the revolution Obregón had been the most successful soldier in Mexico, regularly winning victories on behalf of Carranza, but he had also been a consistently radical voice in the politics of the time...

1920

1929

National Revolutionary Party

The party founded by Calles in 1929 retained power in Mexico for seventy-one years, albeit under a succession of different names. It started as the PNR (Partido Nacional Revolucionario, National Revolutionary Party), became in 1938 the PRM (Partido...

1929 - 2000

1945

Mexico during the Cold War

The possession of oil brought Mexico increasing prosperity after World War II. It opened the doors of international banks, whose loans funded ambitious programmes of industrialization. During the next four decades, Mexico experienced impressive...

1945 - 1989

2000

Contemporary Mexico

During the 1980s there is the first sign of an opposition party which could claim some long-term chance of success against the PRI. Representing right-wing interests, it was known as the PAN (Partido de Acción Nacional, National Action Party)...

2000

Thinking..