Christianity in Early Medieval Europe

During the first centuries of the Middle Ages, Christianity spread in all parts of Europe, while the papacy struggled to assert its influence and the churches of West and East drifted apart.

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Created:
2013-02-19 14:10:17 by Kristjan (Histrodamus editor)

Last modified 2013-02-25 08:48:11

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myHistro ekspordi arendamist toetavad EAS ja Euroopa Regionaalarengu Fond. Projekti kestvus 01.09.11 - 31.08.12.

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Christianity in Early Medieval Europe

313

Christianity and Rome

Christianity was born in a remote outpost of the Roman Empire, but the pax Romana, the Roman peace that the empire had achieved after centuries of conquest of diverse regions, had pacified the Mediterranean world and suppressed robbery and piracy along...

313

341

Mission in pagan Europe

North of the river Danube, the Germanic tribe of the Goths were evangelized by Ulfilas, a descendant of a family the Goths had carried away from Cappadocia in the 3rd century. East-Germanic-speaking Goths had earlier migrated into the steppes, north of...

341

380

Christian Rome

St Augustine, the mastermind behind bringing together antique philosophy and Christian principles, also presented a whole theory of society that drew upon the classical culture yet also consciously criticized it...

380

461

Primacy of the bishop of Rome

A development of outstanding importance was the rise of the bishop of Rome to a position of preeminence in the hierarchy of the church. At first only one of several patriarchs, the Roman bishop gradually became recognized as the leader of the church in...

461

476

Germanic kingdoms and Christianity

In 476 the last Western Roman emperor Romulus was deposed by the Ostrogoth military leader Odoacer and this deposition symbolized the different preoccupations of the West and the East in the early Middle Ages...

476

496

Clovis converts to Christianity

According to the sixth century Gallo-Roman bishop and historian Gregory of Tours, whose History of the Franks is the most detailed account of any of the early Germanic peoples, Clovis, the king of the Franks, was converted to Christianity in 496 as a...

496

527

East and West

Pope Leo I had claimed in the middle of the 5th century that Christ had founded a new society for which monarchical government was given to Peter and then inherited by Peter’s successors – the popes...

527

529

Monasticism

In addition to the secular clergy, who moved through the world (saeculum) administering the church's services and communicating its teachings to the laity, another type of clergy also arose - the regular clergy, so called because they lived by a rule...

529

550

Catholic church prevails over Arianism

One of the featured which marked the beginning of the Middle Ages was the disappearance of Arian Christianity and the bringing into the Catholic church those who had professed it. Arianism had won a large proportion of the Germanic peoples who had...

550

590

Gregory the Great

At the close of the 6th century, the papacy received enormous encouragement from the pontificate of Gregory I. His time in power was a watershed: the end of the fiction of one church in one united empire, the beginning of an attempt to understand the...

590

635

Celtic Christianity

Christianity reached Britain by the 3rd century and it intensified its spread with the legalization of the Christian religion under Constantine, but during the collapse of Roman power in the West, many heresies gained ground in Britain and the...

635

664

Christianization of Britain

Officially the Roman Empire was Christian at the start of the 5th century and Celtic churches or monasteries seem to have flourished during this period in the British areas, but the Anglo-Saxons were pagan...

664

690

Mission to the Germanic pagans

Within less then a century of the arrival of Augustine to Britain, missionaries from the English he had managed to convert there, according to pope Gregory I’s orders, were already heading to the Continent, where numerous people in Central, Eastern and...

690

717

The age of iconoclasm

For more than a century after the accession of Leo III (717-741), a persisting theme in Byzantine history may be found in the attempts made by the emperors, often with wide popular support, to eliminate the veneration of icons...

717

756

Popes and the Franks

In 753 the pope, Stephen II, made an unusual journey north of the Alps. He visited the Frankish major of the palace, Pepin (the Short), to seek his help against the Lombards who had recently taken the city of Ravenna and who posed a similar threat to...

756

780

Conversion of the Saxons

Except the Scandinavians, who were largely still isolated from the rest of Europe during the 8th century, the last of the Germanic peoples to be drawn into the Christian fold were the Saxons who had remained on the continent after many of their number...

780

800

Holy Roman Emperor

In 799, for the third time in half a century, a pope was in need of help from the Frankish king. After being physically attacked by his enemies in the streets of Rome (their stated intention was to blind him and cut out his tongue, to make him...

800

814

A Christian Europe

Charlemagne continued the improvement of the church in the newly conquered lands of the extensive Frankish empire that spanned from the English Channel to Austria and from nothern Spain to the river Elbe, where he created bishoprics, established...

814

863

Cyril and Methodius

Under the rule of the Macedonian dynasty that came to power in 867, it is no exaggeration to say that the Easter Roman empire enjoyed a golden age. Its armies regained the initiative against the Arabs in the East, and its missionaries evangelized the...

863

867

Controversies of East and West

The ending of the iconoclast controversy in the East, with the accession of Emperor Michael III and the subsequent Council of Constantinople that had decided in favor of icon worship, had restored orthodoxy, but it had also ensured a host of difficulties.

867

897

Papacy and Christian decline

The last decades of the 9th century and the first half of the 10th century presented numerous new dangers for Catholic Europe. While the Carolingian realms were hopelessly divided, feudalism rapidly developed within them, further fragmenting the...

897

910

Monastic reform

In the century after Charlemagne’s death, the papacy had the opportunity to impose its authority inthe West, but only succeeded in a limited measure. Eventually, so many factors weighed against the papacy that in hindsight the survival of this...

910

960

Conversion of Scandinavia

In the end of the 8th century, through the use of both military force and instruction by missionaries, te Saxons had become Christians. Before the year 950, beginning had been also made in the conversion of the Scandinavia, from where the last wave of...

960

962

Emperors and popes

Henry, Duke of Saxony, revived the German monarchy and the Carolingian empire and its unity with the church when he was elected king of East Francia (that was to become Germany) in 911. The expansion of the realm uner his son Otto I used the church for...

962

988

Conversion of Rus’

Around 862, one of the viking warlords, named Riurik settled in Novgorod and founded the Rus’ state, as well as the Rurikid dynasty that ruled Russia until the end of the 16th century. They also converted their state of Christianity in the end of the...

988

1000

Christianiaztion of Eastern Europe

Cyril and Methodius had converted Bulgaria and large Slavic populations in southeast Europe, but German missionaries were also active among the Slavs. By the year 900 Christianity was strong in Moravia and it also spread quikly in Bohemia...

1000

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